The background and pro and con arguments were written by ProCon.org staff based upon input from the following footnotes (directly referenced) and sources (used for general research and not directly referenced):
Footnotes:
Carl E. Van Horn, Herbert A. Schaffner, Work in America: An Encyclopedia of History, Policy, and Society, 2003
Marcus A. Winters, "Challenging Tenure in D.C.," manhattan-institute.org, Nov. 5, 2008
Steve Farkas and Ann Duffett, "Cracks in the Ivory Tower? The Views of Education Professors Circa 2010," edexcellence.net, Sep. 2010
William G. Howell, Martin R. West, and Paul E. Peterson, "The Public Weighs in on School Reform," EducationNext, Fall 2011
Marguerite Roza, "Must Enrollment Declines Spell Financial Chaos for Districts?," Center on Reinventing Public Education website, crpe.org, Aug. 29, 2006
George A. Clowes, "Teachers Like Tenure but Admit Its Flaws," heartland.org, July 1, 2003
David B. Tyack, Robert Lowe, Elisabeth Hansot, Public Schools in Hard Times: the Great Depression and Recent Years, 1984
Jennifer Medina, "California Teacher Tenure Laws Ruled Unconstitutional," nytimes.com, June 10, 2014
National Council on Teacher Quality, "Policy Issue: Tenure, 2015 Tenure" nctq.org (accessed May 24, 2016)
Sources:
Richard T. De George, Academic Freedom and Tenure: Ethical Issues, 1997
Andrew Sloan Draper, Necessary Basis of the Teacher's Tenure, 1912
The Journal of the National Education Association, Volumes 10-11, 1921
Mary M. Kennedy, Marilyn Cochran-Smith, Teacher Assessment and the Quest for Teacher Quality: A Handbook, 2010
National Education Association, Report of the Committee on Salaries, Tenure, and Pensions of Public School Teachers in the United States to the National Council of Education, July, 1905
Franklin H. Silverman, Teaching for Tenure and Beyond: Strategies for Maximizing Your Student Ratings, 2001
George Skelton, "California Teacher Tenure Finally a Major Election Issue," latimes.com, Sep. 10, 2014